The Existing System For Payslip Generation

The Existing System For Payslip Generation The purpose of the proposed project is to automate the Payslip generation process which replaces the traditional system of Payslip generation that used to print the employee salary details onto a paper. This project includes a single user who is authorized to initiate the application. The privileges are given only to the individual in a department who is responsible for generating the PaySlips for the employees. The application takes in the Excel Spreadsheet as input and generates an encrypted PDF PaySlip for each employee. This PDF PaySlip is mailed to the respective employee by using their mail-id which is provided in the Excel sheet. This application generates PaySlips of each employee every month. The PaySlip spreadsheet is uploaded to the system. The application uses an excel parser to read this spreadsheet. The excel parser parses the excel sheet in a row-wise fashion and generates an xml string for each row. This xml string contains the salary data of each employee. The salary data is converted into a password-protected PDF document as per a pre-defined template. These salary statements (in PDF) are emailed to respective users. The email process is logged. 1.2 Existing System: The existing System for PaySlip generation includes manual entry of the pay details of all the employees in an excel sheet and converting them to word document. Each row from the excel sheet is taken and then converted into the word document. This word document contains the Pay details of the employee. This document is printed on to a paper and then distributed to all the employees. The Existing System requires manual effort in converting the excel sheet data into the word document. The word document which contains the salary details should be generated for all the employees which in turn delays the whole process of distributing the payslips. As the paper is used in distributing the payslips this even includes the wastage of paper. This is till the part of generation of pyslips itself. When talking about distribution each and every paslip has to be signed by the authority, stamped and then folded which is placed in the envelope.this has to be distributed to all the employees near the desk has to take an acknowledgement that the employee has received by signing on paper. If the employee is not at the desk or out of station then distribution has to be postponed for that employee till he is available. That is he cant check it immediately after its been issued. Making it remotely accessible is also another aspect of it. 1.3 Proposed System: The proposed System for generating the PaySlips is a Web based Automated System for generation and distribution of PaySlips. Proposed System is efficient enough as it includes Less Manual effort. Manual effort is needed in only logging into the application and uploading the appropriate excel sheet into the application. Just a click on the upload button is sufficient, then the application itself will generate the payslips and distribute them to the respective employees mailid. Optimal performance of the application is achieved as delay is reduced in generation of Payslips with the existing system. Paper conservation is achieved, as the PaySlips are sent to the employees through mails, This makes the payslip remotely accessible 2.1 Functional Requirements Modules: Authentication/Authorization Upload File Excel Parser PDF Generation Email Module Description: Authentication/Authorization Module: This application is used to generate payslips of the employees for every month. Payslips, that depict all the salary details, is very confidential and hence this work should be carried out by an authorized person. For this purpose the user is presented with a login and is granted access to the application only after supplying a valid username and password. This needs database connectivity that stores all the details of the users who can use the application with their password. This module is implemented using Struts. As this partitions the presentation and implementation the login UI is built using Java server pages. When the user submits the user name and password the servlet gets invoked handling the process that connects to the database, verifies and accordingly an action is taken that forwards to another UI. Upload File: This module uploads the Excel spread sheet into the application in which details of all the employees are present with the present months salary details. The details of the employee includes the name, empid, designation etc .The Excel spread sheet that is needed to be uploaded should be in a specified format i.e., all the details should be in the same chronological order according to the specifications. The uploaded spread sheet will not be saved any where as the data in the Excel sheet is very confidential. This module is implemented using Struts. The File Upload UI is built using Java server pages. When the user uploads an Excel file a servlet gets invoked handling the process that directs an action. Excel Parser: This module takes the uploaded excel sheet as input and parses it in a row wise fashion, organizes the data in xml format For this a special software tool is used In this module we also retrieve the employee-id, mail-id and month for which the payslip is generated. The software tool used for parsing the Excel document is POI. This needs a POI.jar added in the library where some predefined methods are defined. The POI consists of APIs for manipulating various file formats based upon Microsofts OLE 2 Compound Document format, and Office OpenXML format, using pure Java. In short, you can read and write MS Excel files using Java. In addition, you can read and write MS Word and MS PowerPoint files using Java. POI is your Java Excel solution (for Excel 97-2007). However, we have a complete API for porting other OLE 2 Compound Document formats and welcome others to participate. OLE 2 Compound Document Format based files include most Microsoft Office files such as XLS and DOC as well as MFC serialization API based file formats. Office OpenXML Format based files include the new (2007+) xml based file formats, including Microsoft office files such as XLSX, DOCX and PPTX. PDF Generation: This module creates a PDF file per employee based on pre-defined template and a randomly generated Password is used to encrypt the PDF file. This password is used by the employees to retrieve the PaySlips. The template is designed using XSL independently and values are taken from the Excel and filled into PDF using java. The PDF is encrypted using a random generated password and the password is attached to the mail. The encrypted PDF document is mailed to the employee. The software tool used for generating a PDF document is XSL-FO. XSL-FO is a language for formatting XML data . XSL-FO stands for Extensible Stylesheet Language Formatting Objects . XSL-FO is a W3C Recommendation . XSL-FO is now formally named XSL . XSL-FO is an XML-based markup language describing the formatting of XML data for output to screen, paper or other media. Styling is both about transforming and formatting information. When the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) made their first XSL Working Draft, it contained the language syntax for both transforming and formatting XML documents. Later, the XSL Working Group at W3C split the original draft into separate Recommendations. XSLT, a language for transforming XML documents . XSL or XSL-FO, a language for formatting XML documents. XPath, a language for navigating through elements and attributes in XML documents. This is more advantageous because this seperates the presentation or template of the PDF and the implementation how the data is filled in. Email Module: This Module emails the Payslips (Password protected PDF files) to the respective employee by using their mail id. The mailing details are saved in a batch log with the time and date at which the mail is sent to the employee for verification. This module sets the mail attributes like the subject, from_address, to_address and message body. Also a partial random generated password is sent in the mails which need to be personalized by the employee. This module also inserts values into the email log with the details of mailing. The Protocol used for mailing the PDF document to a particular employee is SMTP. The JavaMail API provides a platform-independent and protocol-independent framework to build mail and messaging applications.This is binded with Simple Mail Transfer Protocol for mailing. 2.2 Non-Functional Requirements Accessibility This application is easily accessible by the user who is authorized to use the system for generating PaySlips every month. Performance This system can generate PaySlips for any number of employees considering the same speed. Reliability This system is consistent and performs required functions under stated conditions. Security Unauthorized access to the system and its data is not allowed. The person who wants to access the system is authenticated against a username and password. The PaySlip mailed to the employee is also password protected. This ensures unauthorized access of the PaySlip. Usability This system enhances usability by incorporating well structured user interfaces, end-user interactions, informative error messages etc. 2.3 System Requirement Specification: Software Requirements: Language: Java/J2EE Operating system: Win 2000/XP or higher Web Server: Apache Tomcat Server Excel Parsers: POI(Poor Obfuscation Implementation) PDF Generator Tools: XSL-FO(Extensible Style sheet Language-Formatting Object) Back End: MySQL Database Hardware Requirements: Processor: P4 or higher RAM: 1 GB or higher Hard disk: 10 GB 3.1 Technical Architecture A Technical Architecture breaks down operational (business) processes into functional components and capabilities. It describes the structure and behaviour of the technology infrastructure of an enterprise, solution or system. The following diagram depicts functional components of the application. Browser Web Container (Tomcat) MySQL PaySlip Generation System The web container in detail handles the following operations as depicted in the following diagram As the web container receives the request from the browser it invokes the parser functionality and does the excel parsing row-wise and generates an xml String. The string data is used in generating the PDF. These PDFs which are generated are mailed to the respective employees by the mailer component. The entire email process is logged in a file. Once the application is deployed in the server we can access it locally or from remote using public IP or giving some domain name to the application. 3.2 Software Architecture Software architecture alludes to the overall structure of the software and the ways in which the structure provides conceptual integrity for a system. In the simplest form software architecture is the hierarchical structure of program components (modules), the manner in which these components interact and structure of data that are used by these components. The software architecture of a program or computing system is the structure or structures of the system, which comprise software components, the externally visible properties of those components, and the relationships between them. 4.1 Design Objectives: Design is the first step in the development phase of a process or system in sufficient details to permit its physical realization. Without design specifications, the design will be unguided. It is difficult to know when the process is complete and to measure the progress. Design is used to plan what information needs to be displayed and entered and how it relates to other information. Design is the only way to translate the requirements into a finished system. A well designed program will be easier to implement, distribute and maintain. 4.2 UML Diagrams 4.2.1 Usecase Diagram: 4.2.2 Class Diagram: 4.2.3 Sequence Diagram: 4.2.4 Collaboration Diagram: 4.2.5 Activity Diagram: 4.3 Data Flow Diagrams: Level 1 4.4 Database Design: 4.4.1 E-R Diagrams 4.4.2 Database Tables: Database Tables: 5.1 Pseudo Code Login Module Login form: public class LoginForm extends ActionForm { /**Declare two string variables that holds the username and password values entered in the form Define getter and setter methods **/ } Login Action: public class LoginAction extends Action { Public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm actionForm, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { /**Create an object to the login form Retrieve the username and password entered in the form and save in some variables Create an object for the implementation and call the function validate() with the retrieved username and password as arguments Savetoken() Depending on its return value forward the action to success page or failure page**/ } Login Interface: public interface LoginDAO { /**Declare th method validate(string , string)**/ } Interface Implementation: public class LoginDAOimpl extends BaseDAO implements LoginDAO { Constructor() { } Validate () { /**Declare two string variables that holds the values of the username and password from he database Get the connection to the database using the predefined method in java Retrieve the username and password from the database using a SQL query(select) Compare both username, password from form and database Return a Boolean value according to the comparision**/ } } Login.jsp: CTE Pay Slip Generation System Employee Login function validateLogin(){ if(document.loginForm.username.value!=""&& document.loginForm.password.value!="") { return true; } else { alert("Please Enter UserName and Password."); return false;} } Login UserName : Password : Copyright  © 2009 Cambridge Technology Enterprises. All rights reserved. Upload File Module: Upload form: public class UploadForm extends ActionForm { /**Define a variable file of type file Also define the getter and setter methods **/ } Upload Action: public class StrutsUploadAction extends Action { public ActionForward execute ( ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { /** If the token is valid then Create an object for upload form to retrieve parameters like contentType, fileName, fileSize. Create an object to interface to all the method parseExcel(file) Return success Else Return failure **/ Upload.jsp CTE Pay Slip Generation System Employee Login function isFileName() { var fileName = document.forms[0].theFile.value; // uploadform is the form name if (fileName =="") { alert("Please select a file"); return false; } Else { if(fileName.substr((fileName.length)-3,fileName.length) == "xls") { document.forms[0].action = "FileUpload.do"; document.forms[0].method = "post"; document.forms[0].submit(); return true;} Else { alert("Please Upload an Excel file"); return false; }}} File Upload value= > Select File Copyright  © 2009 Cambridge Technology Enterprises. All rights reserved. window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"de6e6cfad9","applicationID":"221047987","transactionName":"bl0HMhMFDEYCWhJeWlcXMBQISwdGEFgfRBpYShEPAggHGxNRFg==","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":1,"atts":"QhoERFsfH0g=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""} Upload interface: public interface PaySlipDAO { declare a method parseExcel() } /**Upload interface implementation(Excel Working and PDF Generation Modules **/ ) public class PaySlipDAOImpl extends BaseDAO implements PaySlipDAO { Constructor() { } public String parseExcel(String fileName) throws Exception { Define a String array str[]={sno,month,NoofDays,empid,empname,desg,Basic,HRA,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦} That defines the sequence in which Excel file should be in. /**Define a string variable that holds the root tag declare an input stream and initialize it to null now define a new input stream and initialize it to file (Excel file) initialize POIFSFileSystem to inputstream define a new HSSFworkbook get the sheet count get the sheet with count zero iterate the rows if the sheet has rows then iterate the cells from that retrieve the 4th,2nd and 21st cell values. 4-mployeeid 2-month 21-Email id For every cell value append the opening tag using the string array**/ /**According to the cell value get the value Like Numeric Formula String After adding the value append the closing tag Like wise iterate till all the cells are completed At the end append the closing root tag With this we are ready with our xml string. Using this xml string as the argument make the call to the generatPDF() Return empids of employees for whom the mail is sent and to whom the mail is not sent with a # appended in between.**/ } PDF Generation Module: public int genPDF( HSSFCell empid, HSSFCell mailid, HSSFCell monthyear, String xmlStr ) /**Set the path of the base directory to the current directory Define a file in which we save the xslt file that is used in designing the payslip Also define a PDF file with parameters like where to save(current directory),with what name(employee-id) and with what extension(.pdf) Create new instances for fop factory and fo user agent Get the random generated password which is of six characters length Now define two random numbers and retrieve th characters at that ndex in the employee id Append these two characters to the random generated password Encrypt the pdf using method PDFEncryptionParams() and set the Boolean parameters like allow print, allowCopyContent, allowEditContent, allowEditAnnotations and also the keys to encrypt configure foUserAgent as desired. Setup output. Construct fop with desired output format Setup XSLT Setup input for XSLT transformation Resulting SAX events (the generated FO) must be piped through to FOP Start XSLT transformation and FOP processing**/ /**Call the sendmail method by creating its object Save the returnvalue in a variable If that is equal to one then save that email id as sentmailid and append all other of this kind in the Excel sheet to this**/ /**If thats is equal to zero save that email id as failedmailid and append all others of this kind in the Excel sheet to this After mail is sent save that in the log using the user defined method insertIntoEmailLog (mailid, monthYear,status)**/ } private void insertIntoEmailLog(HSSFCell mailid, String monthYear, int status) { /**Get the data base connection Insert into table the values of status,month nd the mailed**/ } public static String getPassword(int n) { /**Generate n random characters may it be alphabets(upper and lower),numbers and symbols Return a string of length n characters**/ } MailService Module: public class MailService { MailService (); { } /**Define the host, transport_protocol, authentication needed, debugging needed etc.**/ public int sendMail(String empId,String monthYear,String emailid,byte[] pdfBytes,String randompwd,int randomposition1,int randomposition2) { /**Set the parameters like frommail, tomail, subject, messagetext, content type etc Define a new mail session Declare a new MIMEmessage() for this mail session set the source to PDF bytes send that message as mail to the tomailid**/ } } Failure.jsp CTE Pay Slip Generation System Employee Login response.setHeader(Cache-Control,no-cache); //HTTP 1.1 response.setHeader(Pragma,no-cache); //HTTP 1.0 response.setDateHeader (Expires, 0); //prevents caching at the proxy server response.setHeader(Cache-Control,no-store); //HTTP 1.1 %> Invalid username or password Please Try Again Copyright  © 2009 Cambridge Technology Enterprises. All rights reserved. Uploadsuccess.jsp CTE Pay Slip Generation System Employee Login response.setHeader(Cache-Control,no-cache); //HTTP 1.1 response.setHeader(Pragma,no-cache); //HTTP 1.0 response.setDateHeader (Expires, 0); //prevents caching at the proxy server response.setHeader(Cache-Control,no-store); //HTTP 1.1 %> File Successfully Uploaded EMail sent to: String maildata = (String)request.getAttribute(emailEmpId); int splitCount= maildata.indexOf(#); String sentEmailIds=maildata.substring(0,splitCount); String failedEmailIds=maildata.substring(splitCount+1,maildata.length()); %> EMail failed to:

Social Anxiety :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Social Anxiety A woman hates to stand in line in the grocery store because she's afraid that everyone is watching her. She knows that it's not really true, but she can't shake the feeling. While she is shopping, she is conscious of the fact that people might be staring at her from the big mirrors on the inside front of the ceiling. Now, she has to talk to the person who's checking out her groceries. She tries to smile, but her voice comes out weakly. She's sure she's making a fool of herself. Her self-consciousness and anxiety rise to the roof...(Richards 1) (1). A student won't attend her university classes on the first day because she knows that in some classes the professor will instruct them to go around the room and introduce themselves. Just thinking about sitting there, waiting to introduce herself to a roomful of strangers who will be staring at her makes her feel nauseous. She knows she won't be able to think clearly because her anxiety will be so high, and she is sure she will leave out important details...The anxiety is just too much to bear---so she skips the first day of class to avoid the possibility of having to introduce herself in class... (Richards 2) (2). These are just two examples of how people who suffer from social anxiety disorder feel about social situations and everyday interactions. Their fears can be paralyzing. Social anxiety disorder is the third largest psychological problem in the United States. It affects approximately 15 million Americans every year. It is a widely misunderstood disorder, where nearly 90% of people with social anxiety disorder are misdiagnosed. They are often misdiagnosed with schizophrenia, manic-depression, clinical depression, panic disorder, and or personality disorder (Richards 1-3). Misdiagnosis and undertreatment of anxiety disorders, according to "The Economic Burden of Anxiety Disorders," a study commissioned by the ADAA, costs the United States more than $42 billion a year and more than $22.84 billion is linked to the repeated use of healthcare services for symptoms that mimic physical illness. In addition, people with anxiety disorder are three-to-five times more likely to go to the doctor and six times more likely to be hospitalized for psychiatric disorders when compared to those who do not suffer from anxiety disorders ("Brief Overview of Anxiety Disorder s" 2) (3). Social anxiety disorder can be defined as the persistent fear of one or more social or performance situations in which the person is exposed to unfamiliar people or to possible scrutiny by others, and where exposure to such situations provokes anxiety.

The Sound Of Hollyhocks :: essays research papers

The theme of Hugh Garner's 'The Sound of Hollyhocks'; concerns one of Canada's most serious social problems. The theme suggests how condescension and discrimination can have devastating effects on the people around us. The story is set in Pinehills Clinic where alcoholics and psychotics are placed to recover. Wilf Armstrong, an alcoholic at the clinic, ends up with 'Rock Hudson';, who is a psychotic at the hospital, as his roommate. 'Rock Hudson'; was the nickname given to William Cornish Ranson by some of the other alcoholics. Rock was forced into mental illness by his mother because his wife, Sarah, was from a different social class. Rock comes from a rich family and he met Sarah at one of his father's branch of banks. They got married secretly because Rock knew that his mother would object such a marriage since Sarah came from a poorer and less prestigious background. The first meeting between Sarah and Rock's mother proved to be a disaster. Due to Rock's mother's disapproval of S arah, Sarah and Rock's marriage starts to fall apart. One thing leads to another, and Sarah and Rock's marriage ends with Sarah's abrupt death. This pushes Rock into his present state of hearing flowers talk to him. This is a great example of how social problems such as condescension and discrimination can have devastating effects on those around us. If Rock's mother had not shown such hostility towards Sarah and Rock, they wouldn't have grown apart and Sarah would not have died and Rock would not have gone crazy. So Rock's mother, who originally just wanted the best for his son, becomes the person that pushes Rock into his mental illness, which ultimately lead to his death. Things like this happen every day in Canada and around the world. Awhile ago, several 'skinheads'; were tried for beating a Sikh man to death due to racial and religious differences.

Hamlet’s Soliloquys

Throughout the play Hamlet there are soliloquys, these soliloquys enable the audience/reader to be able to know what the characters truly think and how they truly feel. Although many characters have their own soliloquys, Hamlet’s are the most informative and advance the plot the greatest. In Hamlet’s soliloquys we learn of events that speed his revenge, how he feels about his father’s death and his mother’s swift marriage to Hamlet’s uncle Claudius. Hamlet’s first soliloquy of the play reveals possibly the most about his character in one soliloquy. This soliloquy reveals that Hamlet longs for death by saying â€Å"O that this too too solid flesh would melt† (Shakespeare 14) but he cannot kill himself because it is a sin: â€Å"His canon ‘gainst self-slaughter. † (Shakespeare 14). Hamlet is considering suicide because he finds life and the world utterly tedious and foul, and overrun with â€Å"things rank and gross in nature† (Shakespeare 14). When Hamlet talks about his father he compares him to the sun god Hyperion and his uncle and new king Claudius to a satyr. Hyperion to a satyr† (Shakespeare 14). Hamlet recalls how lovingly his father cared for his mother â€Å"so loving to my mother† (Shakespeare 14), and how passionately she loved him â€Å"she would hang on him As if increase of appetite had grown† (Shakespeare 14). When Hamlet thinks of his mother marrying his despised uncle, Hamlet is disgusted at how soon they were married after his father’s death. Hamlets first soliloquy creates a dark atmosphere because he longs for death and condemns his mother’s marriage to his father’s brother. By truthfully revealing his innermost thoughts and emotions, Hamlet’s soliloquy advances the plot by showing the audience and reader how Hamlet feels about the current situation, his father’s death, his own life and mortality, and his mother’s marriage to Claudius. Hamlet’s second soliloquy follows the visit from the late King Hamlet’s ghost. Once the ghost leaves, Hamlet seems fully determined on revenge in contrast to the underlying theme of meditation and love while Hamlet was with the ghost. Once the ghost is gone, Hamlet has no thoughts of whether or not the Ghost is good or evil. Hamlet vows to remember the Ghost and its command to revenge. He makes it clear his feelings toward his mother â€Å"O most pernicious women! † (Shakespeare 32), and to his uncle â€Å"O villain, villain, smiling damned villain! † (Shakespeare 32). This soliloquy’s main focus is on Hamlet’s revenge of his father’s death. Looking at this soliloquy it looks like Hamlet will be swift in his revenge, but his road to revenge will be full of procrastination and over thinking. This soliloquy advances the plot by showing what will be the focus throughout the rest of the play. In Hamlet’s third soliloquy he contemplates how the first player can weep for Hecuba, a fictional character, when in reality Hecuba means nothing to the first player and Hecuba cares nothing for him. Hamlet thinks of what the Player would do if he had the motive that Hamlet has. This thought provokes Hamlet to scold himself for apparent cowardice and lack of action when he has real reasons to take them. From this he curses Claudius â€Å"Bloody, bawdy villain! Remorseless, treacherous, lecherous, kindless villain! † (Shakespeare 62). Hamlet listens to himself and mocks his emotional outburst â€Å"Why, what an ass am I! † (Shakespeare 62). Hamlet realizes that he must act in some way and sets his brain to work and thinks of something to do â€Å"About, my brains. Hum† (Shakespeare 62). He begins to shape a plan to test the Ghost’s story. Hamlet starts to question whether the Ghost is a good or evil spirit â€Å"The spirit that I have seen May be a devil, and the devil hath power† (Shakespeare 62). Hamlet’s plan becomes clear, the players will perform a play showing a murder similar to the way that Claudius murdered the King Hamlet, if when watching this murder Claudius reveals his guilt; it will prove that the Ghost has spoken truly â€Å"The play’s the thing Wherein I’ll catch the conscience of the king. † (Shakespeare 63). This soliloquy creates a conniving atmosphere as Hamlet plans to make Claudius reveal his guilt of murdering his brother, King Hamlet. This advances the plot by showing that Hamlet is capable of taking some action and shows the audience Hamlet’s plan to make Claudius show his emotions. This fourth soliloquy starts out with possibly the most popular Shakespeare quote in the world â€Å"To be, or not to be, that is the question:† (Shakespeare 66). By this Hamlet could be talking about his own personal dilemma, whether he should live, or commit suicide. Hamlet could also not be considering his own situation, but is asking a more general question: is life worth living? This questions the advantages and disadvantages of human existence, whether it is better to be unhappy, than to be at all. This soliloquy creates a dark atmosphere because of Hamlet’s questioning of suicide and if life in general is worth living. This soliloquy shows that Hamlet is still questioning life as he did earlier in the play in his first soliloquy. Just before Hamlet’s fifth soliloquy, Hamlet argues with Polonius and refuses to be treated like a musical instrument that can be made to say anything at someone else’s wish. In the soliloquy Hamlet uses the melodramatic stock imagery of a traditional Elizabethan revenger, â€Å"Now could I drink hot blood,† (Shakespeare 88). As Hamlet leaves to meet Gertrude, he vows to scold her, but not harm her, â€Å"I will speak daggers to her, but use none. † (Shakespeare 88). In Hamlet’s sixth soliloquy, he enters into the church where he finds Claudius praying. Hamlet draws his sword to kill Claudius but then holds back because he is praying. If Hamlet were to kill him while he was praying then Claudius’s soul would be sent to heaven. Hamlet then reflects on the fact that his father was killed at a moment when he was unprepared for heaven thus condemning him to suffering after death. Hamlet then decides to kill Claudius at a more sinful moment, and thus damn him to hell. Once again Hamlet has found an excuse to postpone killing Claudius. There is dramatic irony in Claudius’s final couplet. It reveals that Hamlet may have caught the conscience of the king, but that he was deceived by appearance. Claudius only looked as if he was praying, his efforts to contact god were unsuccessful: â€Å"My words fly up, my thoughts remain below. Words without thoughts never to heaven go. † (Shakespeare 91). This soliloquy creates a dark atmosphere even though it is in a church because Hamlet wants to make sure that he not only kills Claudius but that he suffers eternally. This soliloquy shows that Hamlet is not a hard-hearted traditional revenger and continually finds reasons to delay killing Claudius. Before Hamlet’s seventh and final soliloquy, Hamlet speaks with a captain in the Norwegian army. The captain tells Hamlet that the army is passing through Denmark on its way to fight for a tiny unprofitable part of Poland. Hamlet reflects on the sickness of an apparently healthy society â€Å"This is th’impostume of much wealth and peace. † (Shakespeare 110) in which thousands will die in battle over such a â€Å"straw† (Shakespeare 110). These thoughts prompt Hamlet’s last soliloquy in which he once again reproaches himself for delaying the revenge of his father’s murder. Hamlet then considers that everything he encounters prompts him to take revenge: â€Å"How all occasions do inform against me, And spur my dull revenge. † (Shakespeare 110). He reflects that god has given him human intelligence to use and that capacity for making moral decision making is what separates humans from animals: â€Å"Sith I have cause, and will, and strength, and means To do’t† (Shakespeare 110). The encounter with Fortinbras’ army spurs Hamlet to speed his revenge: â€Å"Oh from this time forth, My thoughts be bloody or be nothing worth. (Shakespeare 111). Throughout Hamlet’s soilioquys we have been given an inside look at his deepest thoughts, his views on life and death, and his view on military expeditions. Most importantly we learn that Hamlet is not a traditional Shakespearean avenger. His main character flaws, procrastination and overthinking, prevent him from accomplishing a speedy revenge.

How to Handle the Charge Volume of a Ball Mill or Rod Mill

In physics, the charge of a volume is commonly described by a quantity called the charge density or the charge distribution. When the electric field that arises from the charge distribution exhibits a volumetric symmetry, a handy relationship known as Gauss's Law may be used to calculate the charge distribution of the volume. The charge volume of a ball or rod mill is expressed as the percentage of the volume within the liners filled with balls or rods. When the mill is stationary, the charge volume can be quickly obtained by measuring the diameter inside the liners and the distance from the top of the mill inside the liners to the top of the charge. The percentage loading or change volume can then be read off the graph in Figure 3 or can be approximated from the following equation: % loading = 113 – 126 H/ D where H is distance from top of mill inside of lining to top of charge and D is diameter of mill. Maximum power is drawn by a mill when the charge occupies approximately 50% by volume. However, as seen in Figure 4, the power curve becomes very flat in the range above 45%. As a result, mills are seldom run with charge levels greater than 45%. In rod mills, the charge is swollen by particles of feed which separate the rods. If the mill is shut down immediately after the feed is shut off, the charge level will be greater than if the mill had been â€Å"ground out† prior to shutdown. Because of this, rod mills are normally operated with a 32 to 40 percent charge by volume. In operation, this becomes a 40 to 50 percent charge, with a bulk density considerably lower than that of stacked rods. Ball mill charge becomes measurably swollen only when there is a buildup of large unground material in the ball mill or when the density of the pulp in a wet mill is extremely high. Although these conditions are seldom encountered, it is recommended that ball mills be ground out prior to shutdown for measurement of the charge level. Ball mill: http://www. hxjqchina. com/product-list_34. html ball mills: http://www. hxjq-crusher. com/50. html vibrating feeder: http://www. hxjq-crusher. com/44. html jaw breaker: http://www. hxjq-crusher. com/1. html sand washer: http://www. hxjqchina. com/product-list_29. html

Strategic Planning in the Airline Industry

Airline Planning Strategic Planning in the Airline Industry a two-day Seminar The Challenge Rapid and intense change in today’s business climate reshapes the fundamental approach to strategic decision-making. New thinking for ways to face the two vital strategy issues – where will the airline be in the future and how to get there – must emerge so that a modern air carrier can leverage its strength and capitalize on opportunities. Creating innovative strategies for the new business paradigm marks a proactive approach to the challenges in the volatile, yet exciting, airline business.Airlines that embrace a dynamic outlook for strategic planning are positioned favorably to prosper financially and operationally in face of uncertainties and complexities in this business. The strategic plan and its components influence every aspect of running a commercial air carrier. As such, it is critical to devise effective strategies and execute them efficiently. Organizational un its depend on clear understanding of the strategic issues so that they can plan accordingly and carry out the responsibilities created by the strategic plan.Strategic planning brings about an opportunity to examine carefully ways that the airline is conducting its business, and finding new methods to do a better job. Designing and delivering the airline’s services in today’s demanding marketplace requires sophisticated coordination between business units of the airline. Strategic planning serves as a mechanism to create a framework for integrating various contributions to deliver the airline’s offerings. Strategy-based planning addresses both the resource allocation and organization structural issues.Developing a business model for the airline based on a strategic analysis of opportunities and requirements form a platform for planning resources going forward. It also responds to: †¢ †¢ †¢ limitations in utilizing resources uncertainties of the fut ure dynamics of the airline business Business Requirements Strategic Management Strategic management is a disciplined yet adaptive endeavor to chart the future of the airline and align the activities of all business units in that direction.This attempt must be flexible, not rigid, so that the roadmap that it creates can be applied in building sensible operating and tactical plans that can incorporate new realities as the future unfolds. The strategy-savvy airlines reap the rewards of performing better while avoiding the detrimental effects of unstructured, undisciplined response to strategic challenges. Over time, only the airlines will survive that can master designing an advanced yet pragmatic strategic planning process.Such a process must encompass all significant considerations for constructing a blueprint of actions and allocating resources for properly executing those actions. CA Advisors 1250 Aviation Avenue Suite 200M San Jose, California 95110 USA Tel: 408-295-7730 Fax: 408 -280-5700 www. ca-advisors. com Gesellschaft fuer Markt und Strategieberatung Sonnenberger Strasse 52 65193 Wiesbaden GERMANY Tel: 0611-37577-39 Fax: 0611-37577-40 www. gms-beratung. com What is the airline trying to achieve? How is the airline going to achieve it? Objectives Strategy Strategic Analyses StructureHow will the airline organize its resources? Business Model Policies What are the operating rules and boundaries? Strategy-based Planning Structured Approach to Strategic Planning Seminar agenda†¦ Day One †¢ Introduction – strategic management perspective – structured approach to strategic planning Day Two †¢ Planning Optimization – allocating resources – developing prioritization †¢ Airline Business – unique features – models and economics †¢ Financial Planning – investment analysis – financing methods †¢ Strategy Development – practical considerations – innovative approaches †¢ Asset Valuation Real Options methodology – managing uncertainties †¢ Strategic Planning Process – components and requirements – execution and evaluation †¢ Integrated Strategic Management – thriving financially – performing operationally Who should attend†¦ This seminar delivers methods and tools for creating innovative strategies and executing strategic plans at both the corporate level and organizational units. Lessons learned can be quickly applied, facilitating the complex process of strategic decision-making. Airline corporate development and strategic planning executives, managers, and analysts directly profit from this seminar.Those responsible for long-range planning of various functional areas, business development, fleet planning, product and service development, corporate finance, treasury and financing, financial and investment analysis, financial planning and budgeting who directly face the challenges in strateg ic planning are the primary audience. Others in scheduling, marketing, and operations, who are impacted by strategic plans, are also encouraged to attend so that they can benefit from understanding the difficult and complex process of developing strategies and implementing strategic decisions that significantly impact the airline.Benefit from experienced leaders†¦ Two experts who combine extensive experience in strategic planning, airline strategies, and market development with knowledge of advanced quantitative planning and management science techniques will present the seminar. Jahan Alamzad Email: jahan. [email  protected] com Jahan Alamzad is president of CA Advisors. He has served as advisor to Applied Decision Analysis (ADA), a unit of Standard & Poor’s Corporate Value Consulting, where he was previously the director of airline practice. (ADA was a wholly owned subsidiary of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLC between 1998 and 2001. ) Mr.Alamzad has been a management cons ultant in the airline and aerospace industries for the past seventeen years. Before his consulting career, he worked at American Airlines and United Airlines. Mr. Alamzad holds a masters in operations research from Stanford University, as well as a masters in industrial and systems engineering from the University of Southern California, and bachelors degrees in civil engineering and electrical engineering from the University of Illinois. He has served on the faculty of the Department of Aviation at San Jose State University, and has collaborated in publishing a textbook entitled Airline Management.Maciej Mazurowicz Email: maciej. [email  protected] de Maciej Mazurowicz is managing partner of Gesellschaft fuer Markt- und Strategieberatung (GMS). Prior to GMS, Mr. Mazurowicz worked at Lufthansa German Airlines in different strategic management positions. At Lufthansa Consulting, he managed a variety of business development projects for airlines worldwide. Mr. Mazurowicz holds a Mast er of Business Administration and bachelors in business from the University of Kiel. His publications include articles on behalf of the German Ministry of Economics concerning product development and management of innovations.About CA Advisors†¦ www. ca-advisors. com CA Advisors is a management consulting firm dedicated to providing state-of-the-art analytical services. By applying powerful and practical tools, the firm helps its client understand their business positions and improve their strategic and operational decisions. To ensure the success of its work, the firm is committed to collaborating closely with its clients, communicating clearly about its approach, and delivering valuable results that are logically sound. For many years, the work of CA Advisors rofessionals has spanned a wide range of projects. The firm has a focused and dedicated practice in the airline industry, with a breath of expertise in aerospace and aviation. The experience of the firm’s professi onals extends from traditional applications in logistics and resource allocation to more innovative applications in strategic planning. GMS is a management consulting company supporting clients in strategic planning and business development. GMS focuses in planning, marketing and sales, and assists clients in developing and implementing business strategies.GMS experts facilitate the evaluation of the business environment, forecast and analysis of market scenarios, and development of organizational structures by applying a wide range of state-of-the-art analytical tools and business methods, resulting in optimized financial and operational performance of clients. GMS ensures efficient project realization through a network of cooperation partners – from complete IT solutions up to personnel training. About GMS†¦ www. gms-beratung. de

Fast Food in School Cafeterias Essay

Buckley, Cara. â€Å"A Proposal to Separate Fast Food and Schools.† New York Times [New York] 20 04 2009, n. pag. Web 26 April. 2012. . The author explores research done that suggests that the closer a fast food restaurant is to a school, the higher is the obesity rate of the children there. Eric N. Gioia is a city councilman from Queens and he wants to ban any fast food restaurants from opening within a tenth of a mile from any schools. According to the report â€Å"The Effect of Fast Food Restaurants on Obesity† done by researchers from The University of California, Berkeley, and Columbia, when fast food restaurants open a quarter mile or more away from schools there is no change in the obesity rate, but when they are open within a tenth of a mile from schools obesity rates rise. The study also found that the daily caloric intake could increase 30 to 100 calories a day depending on the proximity of fast food chains to schools. The study even showed that pregnant women are more likely to gain a lot of weight of they live within a mile of fast food chains. This article from the New York Times explores the side of a ban on fast food restaurants near schools. Buckley did an in depth analysis on the ban of fast food near schools and what the effects of having fast food chains near schools has on the children. She used many reliable sources to support her research. The only problem that I see with this article is that it does not explore the other side of the argument enough. Overall I gained a lot of useful information from this article, and learned a lot of useful facts. Harris, Karen. â€Å"Fast Food in California’s High Schools: Popular, Profitable, Contributing to Teen Obesity?.† California Center for Health Improvement . n. page. Web. 26 April. 2012. This article talks about fast food in California High Schools and the reasons they are sold more than the healthy options. There are many schools that sell taco bell in school. The student’s say that these food options taste better. Also, the schools sell them ‘A la Carte’ so they can profit and use the money for school activities and such. This article also discusses how the school environment can take away from anything that parents try to teach their kids about healthy eating. Many school districts allow private corporations to advertise in their schools, promoting eating unhealthy food. This article gave me a good idea of what fast food actually in schools is like. It is obvious that kids are going to go for the more unhealthy option of the foods they have to choose from, because it tastes better, they can get it faster, and it is usually cheaper. This article was a good source of information but it even says in the beginning that the source of their data is a little bit unreliable because it is just the schools mailing in their information about what food they serve and not all schools reported their information. Over all this is a good source for basic information about fast food in schools, but not all of the data is reliable. Do fast-food chains cluster around schools? MSN.com. 26 April 2012 This article addresses the problem of having fast food restaurants located near schools, and says that the corporations do this strategically. This makes it very hard to eat healthy for kids when they are being tempted with cheap, quick food. This article says that nearly 80 percent of Chicago schools studied had at least one fast food restaurant within a half mile. It also discusses how when a child eats fast food they consume more calories fat and sugars than they would eat fruits and vegetables. Burger King wouldn’t answer any questions about the placement of their stores, and McDonalds denies that schools have anything to do with where they place their stores. This article is a lot like the first one that I read, but had more research into the amount of fast food restaurants in proximity to schools. I like  that they did the research in a city like Chicago, and it says that these findings are similar in other cities across the nation. This article could help me in my research because it shows that it is proven that fast food chains cluster around schools. Eisler, Peter, Blake Morrison, and Anthony DeBarros. â€Å"Fast-food standards for meat top those for school lunches .† USA Today. 9 12 2009: n. page. Web. 3 May. 2012. . In this article, the authors explore the fact that the meat we eat at schools does not go through the same standards that the meat served at fast food restaurants. The government is supplying schools with millions of pounds of beef and chicken that aren’t good enough for many fast food chains to serve. The authors say that the standards that Jack in the Box uses for its food is ten times more stringent than what the USDA sets for the meat served in schools. When it comes to chicken, schools are being supplied with thousands of tons of meat from old chickens that fast food restaurants don’t use. The standards are not the same, and that is very alarming. I really like this article because it is different from the other ones that I have read. It shows the downfalls of cafeteria food, instead of the bad things about fast food. It really opened my eyes that we never really know where our food comes from, and sometimes even when we think we are eating healthy we are consuming old, gross meat. This is extremely useful to my research because it shows the downfalls of the USDA and proves that school foods are not always better than fast food. Denver, Kusa. â€Å"‘Pink slime’ eliminated from fast food, but not school lunches .† USA Today. 09 03 2012: n. page. Web. 3 May. 2012. . This article talks about Pink Slime and how it is still being served in schools, but fast food restaurants have decided not to use that meat anymore. The U.S. Department of Agriculture told an online newspaper that it is buying 7 million more pounds of the Pink Slime to serve in school lunches across the country. But at the same time the USDA says that, â€Å"All USDA  ground beef purchases for the National School Lunch Program must meet the highest standards for food safety.† This slime is made of cow intestines and other by-products that we really don’t want to eat. This meat is more prone to E. Coli and salmonella. I definitely think this article is useful to me because it is yet another example of the food we are being served in schools. It is not held to the same standards that fast food chains hold their food to. I think the research used reliable sourced such as the USDA and the U.S. department of agriculture. Childhood obesity and obesity in general are some of the biggest problems facing the United States. We as a country are trying to educate everyone on how to eat properly and live a healthy life. We blame fast food chains for the obesity in our country, when in reality they are not the main problem. It is a culture change that is hard to wrap our heads around, and one that people don’t know how to deal with. The economy is bad, therefore we go for the cheaper food, and fast food chains are everywhere, and convenient. The food in schools should be held to a much higher standard than it is, and advertisers are targeting kids in schools and tempting them to eat unhealthy foods. There are many problems between schools and fast food. The proximity of a school to fast food restaurants has shown to have an impact on the weight of the children in the surrounding schools. This makes perfect sense to me because it makes it more convenient. Burger Kings always have signs about deals on burgers or fries. They are directly advertising to the young kids in those surrounding schools. The advertisers know that kids are tight on cash, and want to get their food quick. Some researchers say that there is no correlation between obesity and having fast food restaurants near schools, but I think there definitely is. If there is no McDonald’s right across the street from a school, those kids won’t have a choice of eating it and might make a better choice. I know that people should have the will power to say no and try and eat something healthier, but I believe that the government should be doing something to try and make it easier for Americans to live a healthy, after all shouldn’t the health of  their country be important to them? I think that laws should be passed against having fast food chains within a certain distance of schools, because that is just escalating the problem of obesity in America. Another link to schools and obesity is the advertising and availability of fast food in a school cafeteria. It is hard for a 12 year old to choose grilled chicken and broccoli over a cheeseburger when given a choice. Ads that show happy kids eating McDonalds are directly targeted at young kids, showing them that they will be happy if they eat fast food. Childhood obesity is on the rise and advertising in schools is a huge reason. It is ridiculous that schools allow this and even that the government doesn’t prevent it. Kids are victims in this situation because they have no say about what kinds of advertisements they are exposed to. You would think that the adults in this country would see this problem and try to fix it, but instead we just serve McDonald’s and Taco bell in the cafeteria instead of having delicious healthy options. It is so counter productive to teach kids about the food pyramid and tell them to be active and eat their fruits and veggies and then offer t hem fries and a hot dog. That is not fair, its almost like we are setting the children up for failure and obesity, exactly what we say we are trying to prevent. The most shocking thing that I found throughout my research was the lack of quality in the meat that is being served in school cafeterias. According to a few of the articles that I read fast food chains would not serve the quality of meat that the government is giving to schools. The USDA is supposed to be protecting us as consumers when in reality they are giving schools beef with pink slime and old chicken meat that fast food chains wouldn’t even serve. The meat that our children are eating is more likely to have E. Coli or salmonella. All the blame is being put on fast food chains for the unhealthy country we are becoming when in reality many school lunches are just as bad or worse for us than fast food. With all of this being said, fast food is having a huge impact on modern day schooling and our society in general. Schools are changing because now we have to make it part of the curriculum to teach children about healthy  eating and living, when in previous time periods that was the parent’s job. It has now become the school’s job because even the generation of parent’s isn’t living a healthy life. This can take away from teaching more important things to the curriculum such as math science and reading. Also, the schools can now be blamed for the rise in obesity because they are not always serving healthy foods, and they are allowing fast food chains into their cafeterias.